Car Rental at Turin Airport (TRN): No Deposit, Full Insurance and Best Options Without a Credit Card

Turin Airport (TRN), also called Torino Caselle, is about 16 km north of Turin, and the RA10 link road takes you into the city. For one week in November we found 868 rental offers from 26 companies here, and 56% of them were automatics. Thirteen of the 15 companies we recommend have their desk at the airport, in the terminal or in the car rental area across the airport road, and two pick you up by shuttle. Eight of the 15 accept a debit card, including Locauto, which asks for no deposit, only a symbolic 0,01 EUR authorisation at pick-up. This guide to car rental at Turin Airport covers each of the 15 companies we recommend, debit and Revolut cards, deposits, full insurance, prices by month, Turin against Milan Malpensa and Bergamo, and what to know before you drive into Turin, out to the Langhe or up into the Alps in winter.

Data last verified: October 2026. Written by Simas Krasaitis, founder of Autorentwiz and former head of car rental at ADCRent.

Short on time? The key facts:

• Desks: 13 of our 15 companies are at the airport. Most list their desk in the terminal, and Locauto, Alamo, Enterprise and National are in the car rental area across the airport road. RentSmart24 and Target Rent pick you up by shuttle from the Departures level
• Debit cards: 8 of the 15 accept them, all at the airport: Locauto (no deposit, only a 0,01 EUR card authorisation), Maggiore (200 EUR on small cars), Alamo, Enterprise and National (500 EUR), Thrifty and Dollar (700 EUR) and Keddy (800 EUR)
• No deposit: Locauto (only a symbolic 0,01 EUR card authorisation), with a debit or credit card. Maggiore blocks 200 EUR on a debit card and Sicily By Car 200 EUR on a credit card, both on small cars
• Revolut or no card: none of the 15 companies accepts cards from online-only banks, and we found no deals without a card at pick-up
• Opening hours: RentSmart24 works 24 hours, and most desks are open from 08:00 to 23:00. At weekends Thrifty, Dollar and Hertz close from 15:00 to 18:00, and Target Rent closes at 18:00 (13:30 on Sundays)
• Prices: November is the cheapest month (about 15 EUR a day on average), July the most expensive (about 34 EUR). Winter is not cheap here: December costs about 28 EUR a day
• Free consultation: message us on Messenger and our car rental experts will compare all 15 companies for your dates, card and landing time. You get the same discount as when you book through our search

At Turin, 28 rental companies are rated by verified renters at this airport, and 26 had offers in our November search. To make our list, a company needs a rating of 8.0 or higher from verified renters at this airport and a separate score of 8.0 or higher for its staff here. Sixteen companies passed both, and 15 of them had offers in our search. RentalPlus, rated 8.8, had no offers for our dates. Europcar, Budget, Avis, Noleggiare and Drivalia are rated below 8.0 at Turin, and so is Dryyve, which had the cheapest offer in our search. Enterprise (1 review), Hertz (5 reviews) and Thrifty (9 reviews) have few reviews here, so their ratings can change quickly. That leaves 15 companies, and 8 of them accept a debit card. Our car rental in Italy page compares Turin with the other Italian airports.

Company	Rating	Hours	Card	Deposit	Travel abroad
Sicily By Car	9.2	08:00-22:59	Credit only	200 EUR on small cars, 400 EUR on a Mercedes Vito	19 countries, free, written permission
Locauto	9.0	08:00-23:00	Debit or credit (not Maestro)	No deposit (0,01 EUR card authorisation)	29 countries, free
SIXT	8.8	08:00-23:00	Depends on the car: credit only on a DS4, debit accepted on a Volkswagen Caravelle	About 300 EUR on a DS4, about 1,108 EUR on a Caravelle	Caravelle: 17 countries, 50 EUR, written permission. DS4: ask before booking
Alamo	8.6	08:00-23:00	Debit or credit (not Maestro)	500 EUR	29 countries, free
Thrifty	8.6	08:00-23:00, weekends 09:00-15:00 and 18:00-23:00	Debit or credit (credit only on a Ford Kuga)	700 EUR	13 countries, 30 EUR
Keddy	8.5	08:00-22:30, Saturday 08:00-17:30	Debit or credit (credit only on a DS7)	800 EUR	19 countries, free or 85.40 EUR, written permission
Dollar	8.5	08:00-23:00, weekends 09:00-15:00 and 18:00-23:00	Debit or credit (not Maestro or Visa Electron, credit only on a Ford Kuga)	700 EUR, plus a separate fuel deposit	13 countries, 30 EUR, written permission
Enterprise	8.4	08:00-23:00	Debit or credit	500 EUR	29 countries, free
National	8.3	08:00-23:00	Debit or credit	500 EUR	33 countries, free
Ecovia	8.3	08:00-23:00	Credit only (not Diners)	750 EUR, 950 EUR on a Volkswagen Transporter	10 countries, 100 EUR, written permission
Hertz	8.2	08:00-23:00, weekends 09:00-15:00 and 18:00-23:00	Credit only	About 700 EUR, 200 EUR with a paid low-deposit option	Not usually allowed, ask before booking
Maggiore	8.2	08:30-23:00, Saturday until 21:00, Sunday until 20:00	Debit or credit (not Maestro, Visa Electron or JCB)	200 EUR on a Fiat 500 or Opel Corsa, about 1,535 EUR on a Mercedes Vito	26 countries, 28.80 EUR
Italy Car Rent	8.1	08:00-23:00	Credit only	900 EUR, 1,500 EUR on a Ford Transit	29 countries, 140 EUR, written permission

Company	Rating	Hours	Card	Deposit	Travel abroad
RentSmart24	9.1	24 hours	Credit only	650 EUR on small cars, 750 EUR on estate cars	19 countries, 85.40 EUR, written permission
Target Rent	8.2	08:00-18:00, Sunday 08:30-13:30	Credit only (not Amex)	850 EUR on a Ford Fiesta, 1,450 EUR on a Fiat Ducato	6 countries, 70 EUR

At Turin, Locauto asks for no deposit, only a symbolic 0,01 EUR authorisation on a debit or a credit card at pick-up, on every car in our search, including the Volkswagen Caravelle. Maggiore blocks 200 EUR on a Fiat 500 or an Opel Corsa, and it accepts a debit card. Sicily By Car also blocks 200 EUR on small cars, but on a credit card only. Hertz blocks about 700 EUR, or 200 EUR if you pay for its low-deposit option, which added about 59 EUR to a week in a Fiat Panda in our search. With a debit card, Alamo, Enterprise and National block 500 EUR, Thrifty and Dollar 700 EUR and Keddy 800 EUR. Dollar also blocks a separate fuel deposit.

On standard cars the highest deposits are at Target Rent (850 EUR on a Ford Fiesta) and Italy Car Rent (900 EUR). On big cars, Maggiore blocks about 1,535 EUR on a Mercedes Vito, Italy Car Rent 1,500 EUR on a Ford Transit, Target Rent 1,450 EUR on a Fiat Ducato and SIXT about 1,108 EUR on a Volkswagen Caravelle. For the ferry, Locauto, Alamo and National allow the car on board for free, and Sicily By Car, Ecovia, Maggiore and Italy Car Rent allow it for free with written permission. Thrifty charges 30 EUR and wants one day’s notice and written permission. The SIXT Caravelle offer did not allow ferries, and the rental conditions of Hertz and of the SIXT DS4 give no ferry rule, so ask before you book.

Turin Airport has a single terminal, and you reach every desk at the airport on foot. Sicily By Car is in the arrivals hall, and SIXT, Thrifty, Dollar, Keddy, Hertz, Maggiore and Italy Car Rent also list their desk in the terminal: follow the car rental signs from arrivals. The Ecovia office is on the arrivals side, by the rent-a-car area in front of arrivals. Locauto, Alamo, Enterprise and National are in the car rental area: leave the terminal and cross the internal airport road, and the Locauto office is straight ahead. The Turin Airport website lists the rental companies with an office at the airport. The two shuttle companies work like this:

• RentSmart24 is on Strada Leini in Caselle, about 1.6 km from the terminal. Call the number in your voucher when you land, go up to the Departures level, exit and keep right past the covered area to the pedestrian crossing, where the shuttle picks you up
• Target Rent works from the Cumino car park on Strada San Maurizio, about 1 km from the terminal. Call the number in your voucher when you land, go up to the Departures level, exit and turn right to the marked meeting point at the end of the canopy

Autorentwiz tip: of the customers who ask us about Turin, 50% have only a debit card, and 21% more have both. At Turin 8 of our 15 companies accept a debit card, and all eight are at the airport. With a debit card, Locauto in the car rental area takes no deposit, only a symbolic 0,01 EUR authorisation, and Maggiore in the terminal blocks 200 EUR on small cars. Both shuttle companies take credit cards only, and so does Hertz, even though its desk is in the terminal. At SIXT it depends on the car: the DS4 needed a credit card in our search. Check the card section of the rental conditions before you book, or send us your dates on Messenger and we will check it for you.

Most desks at Turin work from 08:00 to 23:00 every day: Locauto, SIXT, Alamo, Enterprise, National, Ecovia and Italy Car Rent. Sicily By Car closes at 22:59 and Keddy at 22:30, but at 17:30 on Saturdays. Maggiore works from 08:30 to 23:00 on weekdays, until 21:00 on Saturdays and until 20:00 on Sundays. Thrifty, Dollar and Hertz work from 08:00 to 23:00 on weekdays, but on Saturdays and Sundays they open from 09:00 to 15:00 and from 18:00 to 23:00.

RentSmart24 works 24 hours, and it is the only one of our companies open before 08:00. Target Rent closes at 18:00, and at 13:30 on Sundays, so it suits only daytime flights. Sicily By Car and Italy Car Rent hold your car for 2 hours after the booked time, and Hertz also for 2 hours, but only within its opening hours. Keddy and Dollar hold it for only 29 minutes, and most others for about an hour. Add your flight number to the booking.

The Q8 easy station on the SP Torino-Caselle, at km 16, is about 1.4 km west of the rental desks and is open 24 hours. An Eni station on Strada San Maurizio, the airport road, is closer, a few hundred metres south of the car rental area, but we could not confirm its opening hours, so check them on Google Maps before a late return. Fill up before you return the car, because most rental conditions ask for the same fuel level you started with, and the refuelling charge at the desk is much higher than the pump price.

Yes, with 8 of the 15 companies we recommend, and all eight have their desk at the airport: Locauto (no deposit, only a 0,01 EUR card authorisation), Maggiore (200 EUR on a Fiat 500 or Opel Corsa), Alamo, Enterprise and National (500 EUR), Thrifty and Dollar (700 EUR) and Keddy (800 EUR). Sicily By Car, Ecovia, Italy Car Rent, Hertz and both shuttle companies take credit cards only. SIXT accepted a debit card for a Volkswagen Caravelle in our search, but its conditions for the DS4 ask for a personal credit card, so plan on a credit card at SIXT. Hertz and SIXT want two credit cards for bigger car classes.

Thrifty and Dollar take credit cards only for the Ford Kuga, and Keddy for the DS7. At the desk you need a physical debit card in the main driver’s name, and all eight accept Visa and Mastercard debit cards. Locauto and Alamo do not take Maestro, and Dollar and Maggiore refuse Maestro and Visa Electron. In our search the cheapest car with a debit card was a Toyota Aygo at Locauto from 124 EUR a week, and the cheapest automatic a Volkswagen Polo at Locauto from 151 EUR. Our guide to renting a car in Italy with a debit card explains what the desk checks.

None of the 15 companies we recommend at Turin accepts cards from online-only banks such as Revolut, N26 or Wise: all of them list these cards as not accepted. We also found no deals at Turin with no card needed at pick-up. To rent here, you need a card from a traditional bank in the main driver’s name. Locauto also refuses prepaid and virtual cards.

At Turin, Locauto asks for no deposit, only a symbolic 0,01 EUR authorisation on a debit or a credit card at pick-up. All 30 offers marked as no deposit in our search were from Locauto, in the car rental area across the airport road. Among companies that take a deposit, the lowest is Maggiore at 200 EUR on a Fiat 500 or an Opel Corsa, with a debit or a credit card, but its excess on the Corsa is up to 3,294 EUR. With a credit card, Sicily By Car blocks 200 EUR on small cars, and Hertz 200 EUR with its paid low-deposit option. With a debit card, the next lowest after Maggiore is 500 EUR at Alamo, Enterprise and National. Our guide to saving money on car rental shows how to weigh the deposit against the price.

At Turin the excess, the part of any damage you pay yourself, was about 1,200-2,000 EUR on standard cars at most of our companies in our search. Locauto had the lowest standard excess, from 1,200 EUR, and Keddy was next at 1,300 EUR. The highest were at Maggiore (up to 3,294 EUR on an Opel Corsa and 4,758 EUR on a Mercedes Vito) and Italy Car Rent (up to 3,500 EUR on a Ford Transit). You can cover the excess in two ways.

Full coverage added online when you book costs less per day, but the desk still blocks the normal deposit, and if something happens you pay the company and claim the money back from the insurer. The company’s own cover, sold at the desk, costs more but removes the excess on the spot. If you already bought full coverage, you do not need the desk cover as well. Our pick-up tips show how to film the car and what to check at pick-up.

These rules come from the rental conditions of the offers we checked at Turin in October 2026, and for Hertz and SIXT from their rental terms, for 13 of the 15 companies we recommend. Locauto and Target Rent had no offers on the day we checked, so they are not in this list. The minimum age often goes up with the car class, so check the conditions of your own offer before you book. Send us the driver’s age on Messenger, and we check which offers allow it.

• Minimum age: 18 in SIXT‘s rental terms, but only for small cars such as the Fiat Grande Panda. 19 at Sicily By Car, RentSmart24 and Ecovia, at Maggiore on the Fiat 500 and at Alamo on the Toyota Aygo. 21 at Thrifty, Dollar, Keddy, Enterprise and National, 22 at Italy Car Rent and 25 in Hertz‘s rental terms, on the Fiat Panda as well as the Ford Kuga
• Bigger cars need an older driver: the minimum is 25 for the Volkswagen Tiguan at Alamo and Enterprise, for the Volkswagen Caravelle at Alamo and National, and for the Mercedes Vito at Sicily By Car. Maggiore asks for 21 on the Alfa Romeo Stelvio and the Mercedes Vito. SIXT‘s rental terms give 21 for the BMW 5 Series, and the conditions of its Volkswagen Caravelle offer also give 21, but the rental terms also say only drivers over 30 may rent Full Size or Premium and Luxury cars, so ask before you book a big car at SIXT. Hertz‘s rental terms also allow Full Size, Premium and Luxury cars only for drivers over 30. Thrifty and Dollar keep 21 on both the Fiat Panda and the Ford Kuga
• Young and senior driver fees: the conditions of most companies we checked say a young driver fee applies under 25. It applies under 23 at Sicily By Car and under 26 at Italy Car Rent, and Hertz‘s and SIXT‘s rental terms charge it generally up to age 30, as a guideline of 5-35 EUR per day, paid at the desk. The other conditions do not state the amount, and our search was for a driver aged 30-65, so the prices in this guide do not include it. Hertz‘s rental terms set a maximum age of 75, with a senior surcharge over 70, and SIXT‘s a maximum of 70 for small and premium cars. RentSmart24 and Ecovia charge a senior fee over 75, and Sicily By Car rents up to 82 with no senior fee
• Licence held: at least 3 years at Alamo, Enterprise, National and Keddy, and 2 years at Maggiore on the Alfa Romeo Stelvio and the Mercedes Vito and at SIXT on the Volkswagen Caravelle. 1 year at Sicily By Car, RentSmart24, Thrifty, Dollar, Ecovia and Italy Car Rent, and at Maggiore on the Fiat 500. Hertz‘s and SIXT‘s rental terms say the licence is typically held for at least one year
• EU or UK licence: Your Europe says a licence issued in an EU country can be used anywhere in the EU, so you need no International Driving Permit (IDP) in Italy. With a UK photocard licence, gov.uk says you need no IDP in Italy, but Sicily By Car asks for an IDP from every driver who does not live in the EU, so also from drivers who live in the UK, and the conditions of the SIXT Volkswagen Caravelle offer ask drivers who live in the UK for one. Dollar also asks for a DVLA check code with a UK licence
• Licence from outside the EU and the UK: Italian law (Codice della Strada, Art. 135) asks visitors with a licence from outside the EU and EEA for an IDP or an official Italian translation, so bring an IDP. Thrifty also accepts licences from the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and some other countries without one, and RentSmart24 licences from Israel, but we still advise an IDP because of the law. Alamo and the conditions of the SIXT Volkswagen Caravelle offer ask for an IDP with any licence not printed in the Roman alphabet, and Italy Car Rent accepts only plastic card licences, not paper ones. Most conditions we checked say the IDP counts only together with your licence and as a physical document, not a digital one

Across all offers, car rental at Turin Airport costs about 24 EUR a day on average over the year. November is the cheapest month at about 15 EUR a day, 36% below the yearly average and 55% below July. July is the most expensive month at about 34 EUR. Winter is not cheap at Turin, because it is the ski season: December costs about 28 EUR a day, and January and February about 25 EUR. The average rental at Turin lasts about 6 days.

Daily average across all offers at Turin Airport for each pick-up month, data from October 2026. Prices move every day.

Season	Months	Average per day	What to expect
Low	November	about 15 EUR	The lowest prices of the year
Shoulder	October, May, March	about 22-24 EUR	Good value outside the holiday weeks
High	January, February, April, September	about 25-27 EUR	Winter, spring and September
Peak	August, June, December, July	about 28-34 EUR	The most expensive months, July above all

These starting prices per day by car class come from the companies we recommend, in our November search. The lowest small and medium cars were at RentSmart24, which takes credit cards only, blocks 650 EUR and picks you up by shuttle. With a debit card, the cheapest small car was a Toyota Aygo at Locauto, from about 18 EUR a day. The lowest SUV was a Fiat 500X at Target Rent, which also takes credit cards only and picks you up by shuttle. Vans with 9 seats started at about 65 EUR a day at Target Rent and about 68 EUR a day at Sicily By Car. The cheapest automatic was a Volkswagen Passat estate at RentSmart24, from about 9 EUR a day. 56% of all offers at Turin were automatics.

Autorentwiz tip: Turin requests split in two. 46% of our Turin customers keep the car for 3 days or less, and another 46% for a week or more. If you spend your first days in Turin, you do not need a car there: the SFM7 train from the airport station reaches Torino Porta Susa in about 30 minutes, for 3.70 EUR. For a short rental, check the opening hours as well as the price. Thrifty, Dollar and Hertz close from 15:00 to 18:00 on Saturdays and Sundays, Keddy closes at 17:30 on Saturdays and Target Rent at 13:30 on Sundays. Send us your flight times on Messenger, and we will check which desks are open for your dates.

For a trip by car in north-west Italy, you can also fly to Milan Malpensa or Bergamo. By road, the city of Milan is about 146 km from Turin Airport and the city of Bergamo about 188 km. Of the companies we recommend, 8 take a debit card at Turin, 7 at Malpensa and 9 at Bergamo, and 13 of our 15 companies at Turin are at the airport.

What we compared	Turin (TRN)	Milan Malpensa (MXP)	Bergamo (BGY)
Companies we recommend	15	10	16
Where the desks are	13 of our 15 at the airport, 2 by shuttle	8 of our 10 in Terminal 1, 2 by shuttle	11 in the Arrivals hall (6 of them keep their cars in car park P3, by free shuttle), 5 off-airport by shuttle
Debit cards, of the companies we recommend	8, Locauto with no deposit (0,01 EUR card authorisation)	7, Locauto with no deposit (0,01 EUR card authorisation)	9, Locauto with no deposit (0,01 EUR card authorisation)
Average price per day, November and July	about 15 and 34 EUR	about 19 and 43 EUR	about 14 and 47 EUR
Yearly average per day	about 24 EUR	about 35 EUR	about 27 EUR

In our October 2026 data, Turin was cheaper than Malpensa in November, in July and over the year. Bergamo was cheaper than Turin from January to April and in October and November, and Turin was cheaper in July, August, September and December. May and June cost about the same at both. From Turin Airport, Alba in the Langhe is about 1 hour 11 minutes away and Aosta about 1 hour 20 minutes. Malpensa is close to Lake Maggiore, and Bergamo to Lake Iseo, Lake Como and Lake Garda. Our guides to car rental at Milan Malpensa Airport and car rental at Bergamo Airport cover the companies there. If your trip heads to Liguria, our Genoa Airport guide compares Genoa with Turin and Pisa.

The RA10 link road runs from the airport towards Turin. Piazza Castello, in the centre, is about 17.5 km and 28 minutes away. The A5 leads north to the Aosta Valley, and the A32, a toll motorway, to the ski resorts west of Turin.

Turin’s central ZTL, from the Lungo Po to Corso San Maurizio, with Via Roma, Piazza Castello, Piazza San Carlo and the Quadrilatero, is closed to cars from 07:30 to 10:30, Monday to Friday. The ZTL Romana, around the Quadrilatero, is closed every day, holidays included, from 21:00 to 07:30, and the Piazza Emanuele Filiberto gate from 19:30. Some streets are for buses and taxis only from 07:00 to 20:00 every day, and the pedestrian areas are closed to cars at all hours. Access to the central ZTL is controlled by cameras at 27 points, out of 41 camera points in total with the streets inside and around it, and the plate of every car that enters is photographed.

A fine is about 80-345 EUR plus about 14 EUR of notification costs, every entry is a separate fine, and it is 30% lower if you pay within 5 days. Staying at a hotel inside a ZTL? Ask the hotel before you arrive whether it can register your plate for a temporary permit. Turin also has anti-smog rules that can stop diesel cars of Euro 3 to Euro 5 class from 08:00 to 19:00, so if you get a diesel, ask the desk for its Euro class.

Street parking on the blue lines is paid from 08:00 to 19:30, Monday to Saturday, and free on Sundays and holidays. It costs 2.80 EUR an hour in the central ZTL area and 1.70 EUR an hour in most other areas. Garages cost about 0.50-3.00 EUR an hour, for example Roma-San Carlo-Castello (802 spaces), Vittorio Park (618) and Valdo Fusi (458). Some garages are inside the ZTL: give your plate to the garage staff so that you do not get a fine. In the Lingotto area there are large car parks next to the metro.

The Reggia di Venaria, the royal palace north of Turin, is the closest: about 10 km and 14 minutes on the SP501. The wine towns of the Langhe are about 1 hour 15 minutes away on the A55 and the A6: Alba is about 104 km and 1 hour 11 minutes, and Barolo about 102 km and 1 hour 14 minutes.

The Sacra di San Michele, an abbey on a mountain top above the Susa Valley, is about 49 km and 44 minutes away on the A55. Aosta is about 118 km and 1 hour 20 minutes on the A5, Courmayeur about 150 km and 1 hour 34 minutes, and Cogne, in the Gran Paradiso park, about 144 km and 1 hour 46 minutes. Stresa, on Lake Maggiore, is about 151 km and 1 hour 35 minutes away.

On ANAS state roads in Piedmont where snow or ice is likely, you need winter tyres or snow chains on board from 15 November to 15 April, and in the Aosta Valley from 15 October to 15 April. On the provincial roads around Turin the rule runs from 15 November to 15 April, and from 1 November to 30 April in the mountain areas. Road signs show where it applies. Winter tyres must be marked M+S or with the snowflake symbol (3PMSF), and the chains must fit the driven wheels. Some high passes, such as the Colle delle Finestre, the Assietta and the Nivolet, are closed in winter. The ski resorts of Sauze d’Oulx and Bardonecchia are about 1 hour 16 minutes from the airport, and Sestriere about 1 hour 31 minutes, all on the A32. On the roads up to Sauze d’Oulx and Sestriere, chains are very often required.

Do not expect winter equipment on every rental car. In our November search, offers marked with winter tyres started at about 212 EUR a week, well above the cheapest cars. The SIXT DS4 offer included snow chains in the price, while the Hertz conditions listed no chains. The Thrifty conditions say winter tyres are mandatory on all roads in the Aosta Valley from 15 October to 15 April. For a winter trip to the mountains, check the extras of your offer for winter tyres or chains, or ask us on Messenger before you book.

Had a great experience with them. They communicate clearly, respond quickly and explain everything in an understandable way, and they recommended reliable car rental companies. Highly professional and trustworthy.

Zoltán, Google review

We rented a car online from another company. However, when we got there, we had a conflict with the rental company about the insurance terms. Autorentwiz responded to our messages late in the evening, reviewed the photos of the contract we sent, and was happy to give us useful advice on how to act in a specific situation.

Jurgita, Google review (translated)

It was our first time renting the car in Italy, Bergamo airport. Simas helped us to choose the car and answered all the questions we had. Was very easy to rent the car and was no issue with it. Thanks Simas. Would highly recommend and would rent again.

Dovile, Google review

★★★★★4.9/5 from 150+ reviews on Google and Facebook over the last 12 months